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Cataracts are a common eye condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Cataracts occur when the natural lens in the eye becomes clouded, impairing vision. Although primarily an age-related issue, cataracts may develop in younger people as well.
Clear vision relies on the eyes lens, which focuses light onto the retina. The formation of cataracts causes the lens to become cloudy, disrupting the light-focusing process. This results in symptoms such as blurred vision, difficulty seeing at night, sensitivity to light, and faded color perception.
The aging process is the leading cause of cataracts, although other factors also play a role. Additional risk factors include medical conditions like diabetes, excessive UV light exposure, smoking habits, and long-term use of certain drugs. Genetics and prior trauma to the eyes are other factors linked to a higher chance of cataract development.
Diagnosing cataracts involves a comprehensive eye exam performed by an ophthalmologist. Tests may include checking visual acuity, examining the lens with a slit lamp, Full Write-up and dilating the pupils to inspect the retina. Timely diagnosis helps in controlling symptoms and avoiding severe vision impairment.
Treatment varies based on how advanced the cataracts are. In the early stages, stronger eyeglasses or better lighting may help improve vision. Surgery remains the definitive treatment for cataracts that significantly affect vision. The procedure involves replacing the cloudy lens with an artificial one to restore vision.
Although cataracts are widespread, they are treatable and can severely impair vision if ignored. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments can help individuals take proactive steps to maintain eye health.
